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1 shortly
adverb (soon: He will be here shortly; Shortly after that, the police arrived.) dentro de poco, en breveshortly adv1. dentro de poco2. pocotr['ʃɔːtlɪ]1 (soon) dentro de poco, en breve■ shortly after/before poco después/antes2 (impatiently) bruscamente, de manera bruscashortly ['ʃɔrtli] adv1) briefly: brevementeto put it shortly: para decirlo en pocas palabras2) soon: dentro de pocoadv.• brevemente adv.• de aquí a poco expr.• dentro de poco adv.• en breve adv.• en pocas palabras adv.• luego adv.• proximamente adv.'ʃɔːrtli, 'ʃɔːtlia) ( soon) dentro de pocohe'll be leaving shortly for Paris — saldrá dentro de poco or (frml) en breve para París
I'll be with you shortly — enseguida estoy con usted, no tardaré en atenderlo
shortly before/after midnight — poco antes/después de la medianoche
b) ( briefly) en una palabrac) ( curtly) bruscamente['ʃɔːtlɪ]ADV1) (=soon) dentro de poco, en breve frm, ahorita (Mex)shortly before/after — poco antes/después
2) (=curtly) bruscamente, secamente* * *['ʃɔːrtli, 'ʃɔːtli]a) ( soon) dentro de pocohe'll be leaving shortly for Paris — saldrá dentro de poco or (frml) en breve para París
I'll be with you shortly — enseguida estoy con usted, no tardaré en atenderlo
shortly before/after midnight — poco antes/después de la medianoche
b) ( briefly) en una palabrac) ( curtly) bruscamente -
2 après
après [apʀε]━━━━━━━━━1. preposition2. adverb━━━━━━━━━1. <► après + infinitif• après avoir lu ta lettre, j'ai téléphoné à maman when I'd read your letter, I phoned mother• après être rentré chez lui, il a bu un whisky when he got home he had a whisky• après que je l'ai quittée, elle a ouvert une bouteille de champagne after I left her she opened a bottle of champagne► après coup later• après coup, j'ai eu des remords later I felt guilty• il n'a réagi qu'après coup he didn't react until later► et après ? (pour savoir la suite) and then what? ; (pour marquer l'indifférence) so what? (inf)• après vous, je vous en prie after you• après tout, ce n'est qu'un enfant after all he is only a child• après qui en a-t-il ? who has he got it in for? (inf)f. ► d'après2. <• le film ne dure qu'une demi-heure, qu'allons-nous faire après ? the film only lasts half an hour, what are we going to do afterwards?• après, je veux faire un tour de manège next I want to go on the merry-go-round• après, c'est ton tour it's your turn nextb. (lieu) tu vois la poste ? sa maison est juste après do you see the post office? his house is just a bit further onc. (ordre) qu'est-ce qui vient après ? what next?* * *apʀɛ
1.
1) ( dans le temps) ( ensuite) afterwards; ( plus tard) lateraussitôt or tout de suite après — straight after that ou afterwards
longtemps après — a long time after ou afterwards
et après que s'est-il passé? — and then what happened?, and what happened next?
peu/bien après — shortly/long after(wards)
pas la semaine prochaine celle d'après — not next week, the week after next
2) ( dans l'espace)tu vois le croisement, j'habite (juste) après à droite — can you see the crossroads? I live (just) past ou beyond it on the right
la page/le chapitre d'après — the next page/chapter
3) ( dans une hiérarchie)les loisirs d'abord, le travail passe après — leisure first, work comes after
4) ( marquant l'agacement)et après? — so what? (colloq)
2.
1) ( dans le temps) afteraprès coup — after the event, afterwards
jour après jour — day after day, day in day out
2) ( dans l'espace) afteraprès l'église/la sortie de la ville — after the church/you come out of the town
après vous! — ( par politesse) after you!
il est toujours après son fils — (colloq) he's always on at his son
3) ( dans une hiérarchie) afterfaire passer quelqu'un/quelque chose après quelqu'un/quelque chose — to put somebody/something after somebody/something
3.
d'après locution prépositive1) ( selon)d'après lui — according to him ou in his opinion
d'après mes calculs/ma montre — by my calculations/my watch
2) ( en imitant) from3) ( adapté de) based on
4.
après que locution conjonctive after
••
après adverbe se traduit généralement par afterwards et après préposition par afterLes expressions telles que courir après quelqu'un/quelque chose, crier après quelqu'un etc sont traitées respectivement sous courir, crier etcaprès entre dans la composition de nombreux mots qui s'écrivent avec un trait d'union ( après-demain, après-guerre, après-midi etc). Ces mots sont des entrées à part entière et on les trouvera dans la nomenclature du dictionnaire. Utilisé avec un nom, propre ou commun, pour désigner la période suivant un événement ou la disparition d'une personne il se traduit par post et forme alors un groupe adjectival que l'on fait suivre du nom approprié: l'après-Gorbatchev/l'après-crise/l'après-1789 = the post-Gorbachev period/the post-recession period/the post-1789 period. On notera l'après-8 mai = the period following 8 May; la France de l'après-de Gaulle = post-de Gaulle France* * *apʀɛ1. prép1) (relation temporelle) afteraprès son départ — after he had left, after his departure
Nous viendrons après avoir fait la vaisselle. — We'll come after we've done the dishes.
2) (relation spatiale) afterC'est après la poste, à gauche. — It's after the post office on the left., It's past the post office on the left.
après coup — afterwards, after the event
J'y ai repensé après coup. — I thought about it again afterwards.
D'après lui, c'est une erreur. — According to him, that's a mistake.
2. adv* * *I.après ⇒ Note d'usageA adv1 ( dans le temps) afterwards; viens manger, tu finiras après come and eat your dinner, you can finish afterwards; aussitôt or tout de suite après il s'est mis à pleuvoir straight after that ou afterwards it started raining; après seulement, il a appelé les pompiers only afterwards did he call the fire brigade; j'ai compris longtemps après I understood a long time after ou afterwards; il a mangé au restaurant et (puis) après il est allé au cinéma he ate in a restaurant and afterwards went to the cinema; on verra ça après we'll come to that later; je te le dirai après I'll tell you later; et après que s'est-il passé? and then what happened?, and what happened next?; peu/bien après shortly/long after(wards); une heure/deux jours/quatre ans après one hour/two days/four years later; la semaine/le mois/l'année d'après the week/the month/the year after; pas ce week-end celui d'après not this weekend, the one after; pas la semaine prochaine celle d'après not next week, the week after next; la fois d'après nous nous sommes perdus the next time we got lost; le bus/train d'après the next bus/train; l'instant d'après il avait déjà oublié a moment later he had already forgotten; j'ai regardé le film mais je n'ai pas vu l'émission d'après I watched the film but I didn't see the programmeGB after it;2 ( dans l'espace) tu vois le croisement, j'habite (juste) après à droite can you see the crossroads? I live (just) past ou beyond it on the right; peu après il y a un lac a bit further on there's a lake; ‘c'est après le village?’-‘oui juste après’ ‘is it after the village?’-‘yes just after’; la page/le chapitre d'après the next page/chapter;3 ( dans une hiérarchie) après il y a le S puis le T S comes after and then T; les loisirs d'abord, le travail passe après leisure first, work comes after;4 ( utilisé seul en interrogation) après? and what next?; deux kilos de carottes, après○? two kilos of carrots and what else?;5 ( marquant l'agacement) et après? so what○?; oui je suis rentré à 4 h du matin, et après? yes, I came home at 4 am, so what?B prép1 ( dans le temps) after; sortir/passer après qn to go out/to go after sb; après 22 h/12 jours after 10 pm/12 days ; après mon départ after I left; après quelques années ils se sont revus a few years later they saw each other again; après une croissance spectaculaire after spectacular growth; après tant de passion/violence after so much passion/violence; après déduction/impôt after deductions/tax; après cela after that; après tout after all; après tout c'est leur problème after all it's their problem; après quoi after which; jour après jour day after day, day in day out; livre après livre book after book; après tout ce qu'il a fait pour toi after all (that) he's done for you; j'irai après avoir fait la sieste I'll go after I've had a nap; après avoir pris la parole il se rassit after he had spoken he sat down again; il est conseillé de boire beaucoup après avoir couru it is advisable to drink a lot after you have been running; après manger/déjeuner/dîner/souper after eating ou meals/lunch/dinner/supper; peu après minuit shortly after midnight;2 ( dans l'espace) after; après l'église/la sortie de la ville after the church/you come out of the town; bien/juste après l'usine well/just after the factory; je suis après toi sur la liste I'm after you on the list; après vous! ( par politesse) after you!; être après qn○ to be getting at sb○; il est toujours après son fils he's always on at his son○; en avoir après qn○ to have it in for sb○;3 ( dans une hiérarchie) after; la dame vient après le roi the Queen comes after the King; c'est le grade le plus important après celui de général it's the highest rank after that of general; faire passer qn/qch après qn/qch to put sb/sth after sb/sth.C d'après loc prép1 ( selon) d'après moi/toi/nous/vous in my/your/our/your opinion; d'après lui/elle/eux according to him/her/them ou in his/her/their opinion; d'après les journalistes/le gouvernement according to the journalists/the government; d'après la météo il va faire beau according to the weather forecast it's going to be fine; d'après la loi under the law; d'après mes calculs/mes estimations/ma montre by my calculations/my reckoning/my watch; d'après ce qu'elle a dit/mon expérience from what she said/my experience;2 ( en imitant) from; un tableau peint d'après une photo a painting made from a photograph; d'après un dessin de Gauguin from a drawing by Gauguin;3 ( adapté de) based on; un film d' après un roman de Simenon a film based on a novel by Simenon.D après que loc conj after; après que je leur ai annoncé la nouvelle after I told them the news; après qu'il eut parlé after he had spoken.II.[aprɛ] préposition1. [dans le temps] afterc'était peu après 3 h it was shortly ou soon after 3 o'clockc'était bien après son départ it was a long time ou a good while after he lefttu le contredis en public, et après ça tu t'étonnes qu'il s'énerve! you contradict him publicly (and) then you're surprised to find that he gets annoyed!après ça, il ne te reste plus qu'à aller t'excuser the only thing you can do now is apologizeaprès quoi, nous verrons then we'll seeaprès avoir dîné, ils bavardèrent after dining ou after dinner they chattedpage après page, le mystère s'épaissit the mystery gets deeper with every page ou by the page2. [dans l'espace] afterla gare est après le parc the station is past ou after the park(familier) [sur]3. [dans un rang, un ordre, une hiérarchie] afteraprès vous, je vous en prie after youvous êtes après moi [dans une file d'attente] you're after meil fait passer ma carrière après la sienne my career comes after his ou takes second place to his, according to him4. [indiquant un mouvement de poursuite, l'attachement, l'hostilité]a. [me surveille] he's always breathing down my neckb. [me harcèle] he's always nagging (at) ou going on at meils sont après une invitation, c'est évident it's obvious they're angling for ou they're after an invitation————————[aprɛ] adverbe1. [dans le temps]bien après a long ou good while after, much laterpeu après shortly after ou afterwardsaprès, tu ne viendras pas te plaindre! don't come moaning to me afterwards!2. [dans l'espace] after3. [dans un rang, un ordre, une hiérarchie] nextqui est après? [dans une file d'attente] who's next?————————après coup locution adverbialeil n'a réagi qu'après coup it wasn't until afterwards ou later that he reactedn'essaie pas d'inventer une explication après coup don't try to invent an explanation after the event————————après que locution conjonctiveaprès qu'il eut terminé... after he had finished...————————après tout locution adverbiale1. [introduisant une justification] after allaprès tout, ça n'a pas beaucoup d'importance after all, it's not particularly important2. [emploi expressif] thendébrouille-toi tout seul, après tout! sort it out yourself then!————————d'après locution prépositionnelle1. [introduisant un jugement] according toalors, d'après vous, qui va gagner? so who do you think is going to win?d'après les informations qui nous parviennent from ou according to the news reaching us2. [introduisant un modèle, une citation]d'après Tolstoï [adaptation] adapted from Tolstoyd'après une idée originale de... based on ou from an original idea by...————————d'après locution adjectivale2. [dans l'espace] next -
3 بعد
بَعْدَ \ after: at a later time than: He arrived after I left, later than: after dinner, next in order: 7 is the number after 6, (of repeated events): I warned him time after time. past: after (in time): It’s past midnight. It’s half past twelve. It’s ten (minutes) to two now; I’ll meet you at twenty (minutes) past. beyond: to the farther side of: This bus doesn’t go beyond the station, on the farther side of: My farm is beyond this. in: showing a space of time before sth. will happen; after: I’ll come in a few days (or in a minute). past: beyond: My house is just past the crossroads, but his is a long way past. \ بَعْدَ الآن \ any more: ever again: I shan’t go there any more. \ بَعْدَ التَّحِيَّة \ sir: a formal opening to a business letter or official letter: Dear Sir (or Sirs),.... \ بَعْد ذَلك \ next: after this; after that: What shall we do next?. since: after; during the period after: I saw him on Tuesday, but I haven’t seen him since. \ بَعْدَ طُولِ انتظار \ at long last: after a very great delay. \ بَعْدَ الظُّهْر \ afternoon: the time between midday and evening. \ بَعْدَ فَوات الوقت \ late: after the proper time: I was late for school because my bus was late. \ See Also متأخرا (مُتَأَخِّرًا) \ بَعْدَ قَليل \ shortly: soon: We’ll be ready shortly. soon: in a short time: We shall be ready quite soon. He jumped into bed and was soon asleep. \ بَعْدَ كلّ شيء \ last thing: after everything else: I lock the doors last thing, before I go to bed. \ بَعْدَ لاَْي \ at long last: after a very great delay. \ بَعْدَ لَحَظَات \ in a minute: very soon: The bus will be here in a minute. \ بَعْدَ مُدَّة قصيرة \ before long: soon: She’ll be ready before long. \ بَعْدَ مُنْتَصَف اللَّيل \ morning: the time between midnight and midday: He did not go to bed till two o’clock in the morning (2:00 a.m.). \ See Also صباح (صَبَاح) \ بَعْدَ...بِقَلِيل \ soon after: a short time after: The train left soon after 6:00. \ بَعْدَ قَليل \ by and by: after a while; later on. -
4 de
1.dē, adv.: of place, down, only in the phrase susque deque, q. v.2.dē, prep. [perh. for ded; cf. Oscan dat, old abl. of pronom. stem da; cf. also Lith. praep. da, as far as; and the suffixes, old case-forms, -dam, -dem, -dum, -do, with the locative -de; v. Ribbeck, Beitr. z. L. v. d. Lat. Part. p. 4 sq.] (with abl., denotes the going out, departure, removal, or separating of an object from any fixed point. Accordingly, it occupies a middle place between ab, away from, which denotes a mere external departure, and ex, out of, which signifies from the interior of a thing. Hence verbs compounded with de are constr. not only with de, but quite as freq. with ab and ex; and, on the other hand, those compounded with ab and ex often have the terminus a quo indicated by de), from, away from, down from, out of, etc.A.In space, lit. and trop. with verbs of motion: animam de corpore mitto, Enn. ap. Non. p. 150, 6 (Ann. v. 216 Vahl.):b.aliquo quom jam sucus de corpore cessit,
Lucr. 3, 224:(quod Ariovistus) de altera parte agri Sequanos decedere juberet,
to depart, withdraw from, Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 10; cf.:civitati persuasit, ut de finibus suis cum omnibus copiis exirent,
id. ib. 1, 2:decedere de provincia,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 49 ( = ex provincia, id. ib. 2, 2, 65, §147): de vita decedere,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 11:exire de vita,
id. Lael. 4, 15 (cf.:excedere e vita,
id. ib. 3, 12):de triclinio, de cubiculo exire,
id. de Or. 2, 65 fin.:hamum de cubiculo ut e navicula jacere,
Plin. Ep. 9, 7, 4:de castris procedere,
Sall. C. 61, 8 et saep.:brassica de capite et de oculis omnia (mala) deducet,
Cato R. R. 157, 6:de digito anulum detraho,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 38; cf.:de matris complexu aliquem avellere atque abstrahere,
Cic. Font. 17:nomen suum de tabula sustulit,
id. Sest. 33, 72:ferrum de manibus extorsimus,
id. Cat. 2, 1, 2:juris utilitas vel a peritis vel de libris depromi potest,
id. de Or. 1, 59, 252 et saep.:... decido de lecto praeceps,
Plaut. Casin. 5, 2, 50:de muro se deicere,
Caes. B. C. 1, 18, 3:de sella exsilire,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 30 fin.:nec ex equo vel de muro, etc., hostem destinare,
Tert. adv. Jud. 9, p. 192:de caelo aliquid demittere,
Lucr. 2, 1155; cf. Cato R. R. 14, 3 et saep.—In gen., to indicate the person or place from which any thing is taken, etc., with verbs of taking away, depriving, demanding, requesting, inquiring, buying; as capere, sumere, emere, quaerere, discere, trahere, etc., and their compounds; cf.:2.emere de aliquo,
Cato R. R. 1, 4:aliquid mercari de aliquo,
Cic. Fl. 20 et saep.:de aliquo quaerere, quid, etc.,
Cic. Att. 1, 14, 2:saepe hoc audivi de patre,
id. de Or. 3, 33, 133; cf.:de mausoleo exaudita vox est,
Suet. Ner. 46:ut sibi liceret discere id de me,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 31;so with petere, of place (class.): de vicino terra petita solo,
Ov. F. 4, 822;so of persons (late Lat.): peto de te,
Dig. 36, 1, 57, § 2; Apul. M. 6, p. 179, 40.To point out the place from which any thing is brought; and hence, trop., to indicate its origin, derivation, etc.: of, from: de circo astrologi, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58; so,3.caupo de via Latina,
Cic. Clu. 59, 163:nescio qui de circo maximo,
id. Mil. 24, 65:declamator aliqui de ludo aut rabula de foro,
id. Or. 15, 47:homo de schola atque a magistro... eruditus,
id. de Or. 2, 7, 28:nautae de navi Alexandrina,
Suet. Aug. 98:aliquis de ponte,
i. e. a beggar, Juv. 14, 134:Libyca de rupe leones,
Ov. F. 2, 209:nostro de rure corona,
Tib. 1, 1, 15:Vaticano fragiles de monte patellas,
Juv. 6, 344 al.:de summo loco Summoque genere eques,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 30; cf. id. Aul. prol. 28; id. Poen. 3, 1, 13:genetrix Priami de gente vetusta,
Verg. A. 9, 284; cf. id. ib. 10, 350; Stat. S. 5, 3, 126:de Numitore sati,
Ov. F. 5, 41:de libris,
Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 252:de Philocteta, id,
ib. 3, 35, 141 (cf.:e Philocteta versus,
Quint. 3, 1, 14).Transf., to indicate the quarter from which motion proceeds (cf. ab), from, and because motion is so often and naturally downwards, down from:B.haec agebantur in conventu, palam, de sella ac de loco superiore,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40; cf. ib. 2, 2, 38:quem ad se vocari et de tribunali citari jussit,
id. ib. 2, 5, 7:qui nihil ex occulto, nihil de insidiis, agendum putant,
Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109; cf.de tergo plagas dare,
from behind, Plaut. Asin. 2, 2, 10; Just. 20, 5, 5:de paupere mensa dona,
Tib. 1, 1, 37 et saep.—In jurid. Latin: de plano discutere, interloqui, cognoscere, etc., i. e. on level ground, not on the tribunal (cf. chamothen, opp. pro bêmatos, Dig. 27, 1, 13, § 10), Dig. 1, 4, 1; 1, 16, 9; 14. 3, 11 et saep.; so, de plano, off-hand, without formal consideration, Lucr. 1, 411;v. planus.—And with pendeo, etc. (the motion in the eye transferred to the object): deque viri collo dulce pependit onus,
Ov. F. 2, 760:lucerna de camera pendebat,
Petr. 30, 3; cf.:et nova de gravido palmite gemma tumet,
Ov. F. 1, 152:de qua pariens arbore nixa dea est,
leaning downwards against the tree, id. H. 21, 100.In time.1.Immediately following a given moment of time, after, directly after (very rare):2.de concursu,
Lucr. 1, 384 (cf. Munro, ad loc.):velim scire hodiene statim de auctione aut quo die venias,
Cic. Att. 12, 3:non bonus somnus est de prandio,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:de eorum verbis prosilui, etc.,
id. Trin. 1, 2, 178.—Hence, diem de die, from day to day, day after day, Liv. 5, 48:cum is diem de die differret, dum, etc.,
id. 25, 25; cf.:diem de die proferendo,
Just. 2, 15, 6: de die in diem, from day to day, daily (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Psa. 60, 8; 2 Pet. 2, 8; Cypr. Ep. 3, 11.De nocte, de vigilia, etc., to designate an act which begins or takes its origin from the night-time, Engl. during or in the course of the night, at night, by night, etc.: De. Rus cras cum filio Cum primo lucu ibo hinc. Mi. Imo de nocte censeo, to-night rather, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 55: in comitium Milo de nocte venit, in the night (cf. shortly before, Milo media nocte in campum venit), Cic. Att. 4, 3, 4; cf. id. Mur. 33, 69:C.vigilas tu de nocte,
id. ib. 9, 22; cf.:de nocte evigilabat,
Suet. Vesp. 21:ut jugulent homines, surgunt de nocte latrones,
at night, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 32;and Hannibal surgere de nocte solitus, Frontin Strat. 4, 3, 7 et saep.: ut de nocte multa impigreque exsurrexi,
late in the night, Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 10; so,multa de nocte,
Cic. Sest. 35, 75; id. Att. 7, 4 fin. (for which multa nocte, id. Q. Fr. 2, 9); cf.also: si de multa nocte (al. de nocte) vigilassent,
id. Att. 2, 15, 2:Caesar mittit complures equitum turmas eo de media nocte,
Caes. B. G. 7, 45; 7, 88; so,media de nocte,
at midnight, Suet. Calig. 26; Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 91:Caesar de tertia vigilia e castris profectus,
in the third night-watch, Caes. B. G. 1, 12:de tertia vigilia,
id. ib. 1, 21; Liv. 9, 44 Drak.; 40, 4 al.; cf.:de quarta vigilia,
Caes. B. G. 1, 21, 3 al.; v. vigilia. —As in this manner de nocte became adverbially = nocte, so de die was sometimes used for die or per diem:de die potare,
by day, in the daytime, Plaut. Asin. 4, 2, 16:epulari de die,
Liv. 23, 8; Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 8; Catull. 47, 6; Suet. Calig. 37; id. Domit. 21; cf.:bibulus media de luce Falerni,
Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 34;and in a lusus verbb. with in diem,
Cic. Phil. 2, 34 fin. —Less freq., de mense:navigare de mense Decembri,
in December, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1 fin. —And once de tempore for tempore: ipse de tempore coenavit, Auct. B. Hisp. 33, 5.In other relations, implying separation, departure from, etc.1.To designate the whole, from which a part is taken, or of which a part is separately regarded, etc., from among, out of, from:b.hominem certum misi de comitibus meis,
Cic. Att. 8, 1, 2:gladio percussus ab uno de illis,
id. Mil. 24, 65:si quis de nostris hominibus,
id. Flacc. 4:quemvis de iis qui essent idonei,
id. Div. in Caecil. 4 fin.:de tribus et decem fundis tres nobilissimi fundi,
id. Rosc. Am. 35, 99 et saep.:accusator de plebe,
id. Brut. 34, 131:pulsare minimum de plebe Quiritem,
Ov. Am. 1, 7, 29; cf. Liv. 7, 17:malus poëta de populo,
Cic. Arch. 10, 25 et saep.:partem solido demere de die,
Hor. Od. 1, 1, 20:quantum de vita perdiderit,
Petr. 26:praeteriine tuas de tot caelestibus aras,
Ov. Her. 21, 179; Juv. 1, 138. —Sometimes de with abl. takes the place of the gen. partit. or gen. obj. In the best writers this occurs mainly(α).to avoid ambiguity where genitives would be multiplied:(β).ne expers partis esset de nostris bonis,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 39:ut aliquem partem de istius impudentia reticere possim,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 32;for greater precision:(γ).si quae sunt de eodem genere,
id. Tusc. 4, 7, 16:persona de mimo,
id. Phil. 2, 27, 65;in the poets, metri gratiā:2.aliquid de more vetusto,
Ov. F. 6, 309; Grat. Cyneg. 17:laudes de Caesare,
Ov. Pont. 4, 13, 23:cetera de genere hoc,
Hor. Sat. 1, 1, 13; Lucr. 4, 746. This circumlocution was freq. [p. 514] in comic writers and in vulgar lang., and became more common in the declining periods of the lang., so that in the Romance tongues de, di, etc., with a case represent the earlier genitive (so, conscius, conscientia, meminisse, mentionem facere, recordari, etc., de aliqua re for alicujus rei, v. h. vv.).To indicate the property from which the costs of any thing are taken:3.obsonat, potat, olet unguenta de meo,
Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 37; so,de tuo,
Plaut. Bac. 1, 1, 65:de suo,
Cic. Att. 16, 16, A, 5; Suet. Caes. 19:de nostro,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 11:de vestro,
Liv. 6, 15, 10; cf.:de vestris,
Ov. F. 3, 828:de alieno,
Liv. 3, 1, 3; Just. 36, 3 fin.:de publico,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 44; Liv. 1, 20; 2, 16; 4, 60. For de tuo, once de te:de te largitor puer,
Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 17.—Also in a trop. sense:ad tua praecepta de meo nihil his novum apposivi,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 31; cf. id. Men. 1. 2, 40; Cic. Fam. 4, 3; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 8.— Poet., to denote that out of which, or by which, one pays a penalty or suffers punishment:has vestro de sanguine poenas datis,
Luc. 4, 805; cf.:cum de visceribus tuis satisfacturus sis quibus debes,
Cic. Q. Frat. 1, 3, 7.To designate the material of which any thing is made, of, out of, from:4.niveo factum de marmore signum,
Ov. M. 14, 313; cf. Verg. G. 3, 13:verno de flore corona,
Tib. 2, 1, 59:sucus de quinquefolio,
Plin. 26, 4, 11:cinis de fico,
Pall. 1, 35, 3 et saep.:de templo carcerem fleri,
Cic. Phil. 5, 7; cf. Flor. 2, 6, 32:captivum de rege facturi,
Just. 7, 2, 11; cf.:inque deum de bove versus erat,
Ov. F. 5, 616 et saep.:fles de rhetore consul,
Juv. 7, 197.—Cf. trop. by means of:de eodem oleo et opera exaravi nescio quid ad te,
Cic. Att. 13, 38.—Prov.:de nihilo nihilum,
Pers. 3, 84; cf. Lucr. 1, 157 sq.In mental operations, to indicate the subject-matter or theme on which any mental act (thinking, considering, advising, determining, etc.; discoursing, informing, exhorting, deciding, disputing, doubting, etc.) is founded; of, about, concerning, Gr. peri:5.cogitare de aliqua re, etc. (the most common signification): multa narrare de Laelio,
Cic. Lael. 1, 1:dubitare de re,
id. Fam. 3, 10, 15:de suo adventu docere,
Suet. Caes. 9:de moribus admonere,
Sall. Cat. 5, 9 et saep.—With this, too, is connected its use,To indicate the producing cause or reason, for, on account of, because of:6.nam id nisi gravi de causa non fecisset,
Cic. Att. 7, 7, 3; cf. id. de Or. 1, 41, 186; Cael ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15; Cic. Att. 11, 3:de quo nomine ad arbitrum adiisti, de eo ad judicium venisti,
id. Rosc. Com. 4, 12:flebat uterque non de suo supplicio, sed pater de filii morte, de patris filius,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76:de labore pectus tundit,
with pain, Plaut. Casin. 2, 6, 63:incessit passu de vulnere tardo,
Ov. M. 10, 49:humus fervet de corpore,
id. ib. 7, 560:facilius de odio creditur,
Tac. H. 1, 34:quod erat de me feliciter Ilia mater,
through me, Ov. F. 3, 233 et saep.To indicate the thing with reference to which any thing is done, with respect to, concerning:7.de istac re in oculum utrumvis conquiescito,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 121: nil peccat de savio, Caec. ap. Gell. 2, 23, 11 (v. 161 Ribbeck):credere de numero militum,
Cic. Att. 9, 1, 2:de numero dierum fidem servare,
Caes. B. G. 6, 36; Sall. C. 50, 3:de ceteris senatui curae fore,
id. Jug. 26, 1:concessum ab nobilitate de consule plebeio,
Liv. 6, 42:solem de virgine rapta consule,
Ov. F. 4, 581 et saep.—Ellipt.:de argento somnium,
as for the money, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 50 (for which id. Heaut. 4, 2, 4: quod de argento sperem, nihil est): Varr. R. R. 1, 59, 1:de Dionysio sum admiratus,
Cic. Att. 9, 12; id. Off. 1, 15, 47:de me autem suscipe paullisper meas partes,
id. Fam. 3, 12, 2; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 36 et saep.:de Samnitibus triumphare,
concerning, over, Cic. Sen. 16, 55; cf. Hor. 4, 2, 88:de Atheniensibus victoria,
Curt. 8, 1, 33.To indicate the thing in conformity with which any thing is done, according to, after:8.secundum: DE SENATVOS SENTENTIAD, S. C. de Bac.: fecisse dicas de mea sententia,
Plaut. Bac. 4, 9, 115; cf.:de suorum propinquorum sententia atque auctoritate fecisse dicatur,
Cic. Cael. 29: de consilii sententia Mamertinis se frumentum non imperare pronunciat, id. Verr. 2, 5, 21 al.:de ejus consilio velle sese facere,
Ter. Ph. 3, 1, 17:vix de mea voluntate concessum est,
Cic. Att. 4, 2, 4:de exemplo meo ipse aedificato,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 86:de more vetusto,
Verg. A. 11, 142; Ov. M. 7, 606:de nomine,
id. ib. 1, 447:patrioque vocat de nomine mensem,
id. F. 3, 77.With adjectives to form adverbial expressions.a.De integro, anew ( = ab integro, ex integro; cf.: iterum, rursus, denuo), indidemque eadem aeque oriuntur de integro, atque eodem occidunt, Pac. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 17 Müll. (v. 92 Ribb.):b.ratio de integro ineunda est mihi,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 7; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 56; id. Att. 13, 27; id. Fam. 12, 30, 2 et saep. (The combination de novo appears only in the contracted form denuo, v. h. v.).—De improviso, unexpectedly:c.ubi de improviso interventum est mulieri,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 40; id. And. 2, 2, 23; id. Ad. 3, 3, 53; Caes. B. G. 2, 3; 5, 22; 5, 39 et saep.; Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 151 et saep.—De transverso, unexpectedly:► De is often put between an adj.ecce autem de transverso L. Caesar ut veniam ad se rogat,
Cic. Att. 15, 4 fin.; Auct. Her. 4, 10, 14.or pron. and its substantive; cf.II.above multa de nocte, media de nocte, gravi de causa, etc.: qua de re,
Ter. Andr. 1, 2, 13; esp. in the judic. formula: qua de re agitur; cf. Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 6; Cic. Brut. 79 fin. Also freq. after a simple relative:quo de,
Cic. Inv. 1, 28, 41; 54, 104; 2, 11, 37:qua de,
id. ib. 2, 23, 70 et saep.In composition the e becomes short before a vowel, as in dĕhisco, dĕhinc, dĕorsum, and coincides with it in the poets by synaeresis; cf.: dehinc, deinde, deinceps, deorsum; sometimes contraction takes place, as in debeo, debilis, dego, demo, from dehabeo, de-habilis, de-ago, de-emo.—2.Signif.a.Separation, departure, removal, taking away; off, away, down, out: decedo, demigro, demeto, depromo, descendo, devolvo, derivo, deflecto, etc.; and trop. dedico, denuntio; and in a downward direction, decido, decumbo, deprimo, demergo, delabor, defluo, demitto, desido, desideo, declivis, deculco, degredior, deicio, etc.—b.Cessation, removal of the fundamental idea ( = un-, de-, dis-): dearmo, deartuo, decresco, dedisco, dedecoro, dedignor, dedoceo, denascor, denormo, desum, etc.; and hence direct negation, as in dedecet, deformis, demens, etc.—c.With reference to the terminus of the action: defero, defigo, demitto, etc.; hence also trop., with reference to the extent of the action, to the uttermost, to exhaustion, through. out: debacchor, debello, dedolo, delino, delibuo, etc.: defatigo, delaboro, delasso, etc.; hence freq. a mere strengthening of the fundamental idea, = valde, thoroughly, much: demiror, demitigo, etc.—d.Giving a bad sense to the verb: decipio, delinquo, deludo, derideo, detestor.—e.Rarely, contraction from a broad into a narrow space, together: deligo, devincio. See also Hand Turs. II. p. 183-229. -
5 morning
['mɔːnɪŋ] 1. nporanek m, ranek m2. cpdsun, walk ranny, poranny; paper porannyin the morning — ( between midnight and 3 o'clock) w nocy; ( shortly before dawn) nad ranem; ( around waking time) rano; ( before noon) przed południem
* * *['mo:niŋ](the first part of the day, approximately up to noon: this morning; tomorrow morning.) rano- morning glory
- morning dress -
6 before
I adv прежде, ранее, накануне, тому назад (1). В косвенной речи употребляется наречие времени before, если вводящий косвенную речь глагол стоит в прошедшем времени:I was told that they had left a few months before (the day before) — Мне сказали, что они уехали несколько месяцев тому назад (накануне).
Вместо before может употребляться наречие previously:I was told that the fire had broken out a few days previously — Мне сказали, что пожар возник за несколько дней до этого/тому назад.
В прямой и косвенной речи, вводимой глаголом в настоящем времени, употребляется наречие ago:"We were there five days ago", he said — Мы были там пять дней тому назад.
She says she was there five days ago — Она говорит, что была там пять дней тому назад.
(2). See afterwards, adv. II prp 1. предлог временного значения — перед, до, раньше, прежде; before midnight (dinner) — до полуночи/до обеда/перед обедом, before smb's birth (death) — до чьего-либо рождения (смерти), before the time — до срока, long before the beginning (end) of smth — задолго до начала (конца) чего-либо, shortly before that — незадолго до этого, before too long — вскоре; 2. предлог места для указания нахождения или движения в пространстве — перед чем-либо или кем-либо, перед, впереди; to stop before the house — остановиться перед домом, to act (to sing) before smb — играть (петь) перед кем-либо. She sat before me — Она сидела передо мной; We have two problems before us — Перед нами стоят две задачи. (1). Русскому предлогу перед соответствуют английские before (реже) и in front of (чаще). В значении места before чаще сочетается с одушевленными существительными:They looked straight before them — Они смотрели прямо перед собой.
I am before you — Я перед вами.
Your name in the list comes before mine — В списке ваша фамилия стоит перед моей.
The post-office is one stop before the station — Почта находится в одной остановке от вокзала.
It happened before my very eyes (right before my eyes) — Это произошло прямо у меня на глазах.
Предлог in front of обозначает пространственное отношение, подчеркивая близость некоторых предметов или их последовательность (в очереди, ряду):There was a small boy in front of me in the cinema line — В очереди в кино передо мной был маленький мальчик.
There was a slow car in front of us and we couldn't get ahead of it on that narrow road — Перед нами медленно двигался грузовик, и на этой узкой дороге мы не могли его обогнать.
In front of соответствует также русскому лицом к:I found myself in front of a huge temple — Я оказался перед громадным собором.
(2). Before, а также behind, beside в отличие от русского перед, позади, рядом не употребляется перед возвратными местоимениями. В английском языке употребляется объектная форма личного местоимения:The boy was pushing a toy car before him — Мальчик толкал игрушечную машинку перед собой.
He closed the door behind him — Он закрыл за собой дверь.
(3). Ни before, ни in front of не употребляются при указании места на противоположной стороне чего-либо (улицы, дороги, реки). В этих случаях употребляется предлог opposite или facing:The bookshop is opposite my house — Книжный магазин на противоположной стороне улицы, перед моим домом (напротив моего дома).
The boys stood facing (opposite) each other — Мальчики стояли друг перед другом (друг против друга).
(4). Письма часто заканчиваются фразойHope to see you (to get the answer) before too long — Надеюсь вскоре тебя увидеть (получить от тебя письмо).
III cj прежде чем, пока не, до того как (1). Русским пока не, до того как соответствуют before, until и till, значения которых различны. Союз before относит действие к моменту, предшествующему началу следующего за ним действия, в то время как until/till — относят действие к прошлому и обозначают продолжение начатого ранее действия вплоть до начала другого:They have been told everything before I got there — Им все рассказали до того, как я туда добрался.
I stayed there until he came — Я пробыл там до тех пор, пока он не пришел.
Ср. I shall see him before he leaves — Я повидаюсь с ним до его отъезда.
(2). See after, cj (1).
См. также в других словарях:
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shortly — short|ly [ ʃɔrtli ] adverb *** 1. ) soon, or happening within a short period of time of something: We re going to break for lunch very shortly. shortly after/before: Police arrived at the scene shortly after midnight. 2. ) if you say something… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
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after — af|ter1 W1S1 [ˈa:ftə US ˈæftər] prep, conj, adv [: Old English; Origin: After] 1.) when a particular event or time has happened, or when someone has done something ≠ ↑before ▪ After the war many soldiers stayed in France. ▪ I go swimming every… … Dictionary of contemporary English
after — 1 preposition 1 when a particular time or event has happened or is finished: After the war many soldiers stayed in France. | I go swimming every day after work. | It s on after the 9 o clock news. | Do you believe in life after death? | 2 days/3… … Longman dictionary of contemporary English